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In my English class yesterday we looked at the following example:
Monica is such a beautiful woman.
We learned that the above sentence could also be written as:
Monica is so beautiful a woman
I am wondering what the rule for this, to me unorthodox, placement of the article before "woman" is.
Such and so are degree quantifiers.
Such goes before noun phrases and so goes before adjectives and adverbs; they're alternants.
Adjectives:
Noun phrases:
Moreover, so and such comparisons usually come equipped with a that clause, to show just what the standard is for the comparison. That's their normal use.
It's also common in some idiolects to use emphasized so or such -- without a that clause -- as a general emotional intensifier, like very or extremely, but with emotional expression. This can be overdone, and is often satirized, especially when attributed to women. But this is conversational use only, not written, especially not in formal writing.
I am pretty sure your teacher said no such thing. The second sentence in your question is not grammatical or, at the very least, clumsy. What you can say is
Monica is so beautiful a woman that everyone looks at her whenever she walks by.
The construct X is so Y a Z is almost always accompanied by another clause, usually starting with that.
Some examples:
‘Twas not so hard a task. I thought to find one stubborn, at the least; but my one cogged circle fits into all their various wheels, and they revolve.
William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar:
Caesar, now be still. I killed not thee with half so good a will.
Here, the qualifying clause is implied I killed not thee with half so good a will as I now kill myself.
The Scots Magazine, Volume IX:
Since that, the Duke of Parma besieged it in 1587, and found it, even in those days, so strong a place, that in his letters to Philip II. [sic] he complained...
Edmund Burke, The Works of Edmund Burke, Volume 2:
Nothing is so strong a tie of amity between nation and nation as correspondence in laws, customs, manners, and habits of life.
A/an [noun] indicates that the noun is a single indefinite/non-specific {noun] from among many [nouns] of that type. It is an example of a class.
OED
I. Indicating indefiniteness.
1. Used in an indefinite noun phrase referring to something not specifically identified (and, frequently, mentioned for the first time) but treated as one of a class: one, some, any (the oneness, or indefiniteness, being implied rather than asserted).
Consider "This is a cat" - the meaning is "This is an example of a cat" .
If in your sentences, you substitute "one example of" for "a", then you have your answer:
Monica is such an example of beautiful woman.
Monica is so beautiful an example of a woman.
