What is the term for a shortened word that is pronounced based on phantom letters?

Question

I'm only posting out of curiosity. But recently I've begun to wonder what you would call a shortening of a word that only sounds correct when spoken, and the pronunciation cannot be inferred from its spelling because the pronunciation is based on “phantom" letters”.

Offhand, I could only think of the example below. I'll add more if I remember them.

For example:

In England, someone might order a Veg Meal. Veg is pronounced /vɛdʒ/ but words ending in g have a guh sound. However, Veg is pronounced as if the egtable part was still there.

Answer 1

A contraction by any other name would sound as sweet. (Sorry, Shakespeare.)

Technically, is a contraction without an apostrophe really a contraction? Frankly, I do not know. Maybe it could be called a contracted contraction. Sometimes at the heart of the issue is verbal laziness. I guess it's just easier to say (and write) things in contracted form, not to mention the "tons" [ironic exaggeration] of time we save in cutting down on the number of letters or syllables in our writings and utterances!

Taking notes in law class for me can be quite frustrating, so I've come up with my own contractions/shorthand to streamline the process. L and Ls are lawyer and lawyers; C or Cs are client and clients; AA and AAs, administrative agency or agencies; liab is liability; lit is litigation; etc. I even use the symbol for pi for plaintiff and a triangle for defendant. Would I pronounce these contractions? No.

Being unable to speak any language besides English, I have no basis for comparing English to any other languages. I have a feeling, however, they too have their ways of contracting words, both short and long, difficult-to-pronounce and not-so-difficult to pronounce. I heard a fellow student in law say to me the other day: "Will I see you in Crim Law tomorrow?" Why did she shorten the word criminal to crim? I don't know, but I did understand she was talking about a course in Criminal Law.

On the other hand, we often contract real tongue twisters, and for good reason. Sometimes we run into problems there, too. Example: ob gyn, which Americans pronounce Oh Bee Gee Why En! Why not ob gine (with a hard G)? Who knows. As John Lawler pointed out, spelling doesn't give a s**t about pronunciation. The former pronunciation certainly "beats" saying obstetrician/gynecologist, however!

Answer 2

It's a type of cant, which is a form of jargon or slang.

Denoting a phrase or catchword temporarily current or in fashion.

Origin: Early 16th century: probably from Latin cantare ‘to sing’ (see chant). The early meaning was ‘musical sound, singing’; in the mid 17th century this gave rise to the senses ‘whining manner of speaking’ and ‘form of words repeated mechanically in such a manner’ (for example a beggar's plea), hence ‘jargon’ (of beggars and other such groups).

Informal, chatty comment on a foodie website:

...I think of veg sandwiches as a no holds barred mix and match with anything from my fridge and pantry...