When noun phrase take the role of participial phrase, what name do you call it?

Question

The only marked event of the afternoon was, that I saw the girl with whom I had conversed in the verandah, dismissed in disgrace by Miss Scatcherd from a history class, and sent to stand in the middle of the large schoolroom. The punishment seemed to me in a high degree ignominious, especially for so great a girl—she looked thirteen or upwards. I expected she would show signs of great distress and shame; but to my surprise she neither wept nor blushed. Composed, though grave, she stood, the central mark of all eyes. (Jane Eyre)

I guess ‘composed’ has the function of participial phrase; ‘the central mark of all eyes’ has the same function. When noun phrase take the same role as participial phrase, what name do you call it?

Answer 1

I guess ‘composed’ has the function of participial phrase;

It depends on whether we consider composed to be an adjective, in which case it's simply an adjective acting as an adjective, or as the past participial of compose. Generally, we'd consider it an adjective for no reason other than we'll find it listed as such in a dictionary, but adjectives originating in such participial use are so common in English, that the distinction isn't really clear in such cases. Or particularly necessary, since whichever way we consider it, the meaning of the sentence is the same.

[About the only time it makes a real distinction is when strange things happen to mutate words further; the type of changes that can leave verbs with two past tense forms in use generally doesn't affect this—we use either past participial as an adjective—but has resulted in stricken being a different adjective to struck, with struck meaning "subjected to a labour strike" and stricken meaning afflicted or hit by something.]

‘the central mark of all eyes’ has the same function. When noun phrase take the same role as participial phrase, what name do you call it?

It's an adjunct: It is acting in an adverbial fashion, providing additional information; the sentence would be grammatical without it, and the meaning would not be wrong, just not as detailed, so it's not a complement.

Particular grammatical approaches may have other terms for it.