Thank you for adding examples:
Out, is a noun (rare except in specialised use), adjective, adverb, verb, and preposition. It tends to indicate motion or change, e.g. He went out [of the house] = He exited the house. The light went out = the light extinguished.
Outside, is a noun, adjective, adverb, and preposition and tends to indicate place. e.g. He went outside (adv.) = He exited. As an adverb it means “to the outside”.
A: I note that you still seem to be parsing the sentence wrongly.
B: In 1a, and 5a you can say “outside of”
C: In the following, the most literal meaning has been taken.
1 The matter is out of my area of responsibility. = The matter has been removed from my area of responsibility.
1a The matter is outside my area of responsibility. = My area responsibility does not include the matter.
2 I'm afraid that would be out of my job description. = (Not very idiomatic) I'm afraid that would be removed from my job description.
2a I'm afraid that would be outside my job description. = I'm sorry but that is not part of my job description.
3 I got out of the habit of riding my bike to work. = I lost the habit of riding my bike to work.
3a I got outside the habit of riding my bike to work. – Not idiomatic… it is also meaningless.
4 Keep endangered young people out of a life of crime. = Keep endangered young people away from a life of crime.
4a Keep endangered young people outside a life of crime. = (Not very idiomatic) Do not let endangered young people enter into a life of crime.
5 You may do as you wish out of working hours. = (Not very idiomatic)
5a You may do as you wish outside working hours. You may do as you wish when you are not working.