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I have seen both "China stock market" and "Chinese stock market" multiple times. But I never saw "Italy stock market" or "Hong Kongese stock market" once.

Moreover, I found a paper titled An analysis of the January effect of United States, Taiwan and South Korean stock returns.

It's no consistent, I mean, why it's "South Korean stock returns" rather than "South Korea stock returns"

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  • In my experience, stock markets are usually called by their city (Toronto, London, Tokyo, Shanghai), or by a specific index (NASDAQ, FTSE, Hang Seng, DAX, etc). I've rarely heard of a market referred to by its country.
    – Mike Harris
    Commented Oct 4, 2018 at 15:56
  • A lot of papers suffer from poor translation or are not properly edited.
    – Lambie
    Commented Nov 3, 2018 at 21:21

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South Korea is a noun. South Korean is an adjective.

However, the only stock market in Korea is the Korea Exchange, so it looks like Korea is one of those nouns that can modify some words but not others.

There may not be any hard and fast rules. It’s hard to turn an abbreviation like U.K. or U.S. into an adjective. The adjectives for countries like Taiwan, Japan, and Madagascar are unwieldy, as is the adjective for Panama, where Panamanian sounds too much like mania.

Korea, on the other hand, is easy for English-speakers to use either way.

In the example you cite, Taiwan came between United States and Korea. The author chose Taiwan over Taiwanese because it sounded nicer to his or her ears.

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  • Names tend to be ideosyncratic like this. We have New York Stock Exchange but not America Stock Exchange.
    – Barmar
    Commented Oct 8, 2018 at 19:23

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