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Feb 15, 2019 at 23:35 comment added Janus Bahs Jacquet Just to add, since it isn’t stated outright in the answer: what the question calls ‘the second name’ is always, in this type of name, some kind of preposition and/or article. As surmised in the question, these are always lowercase, in accordance with how such words are normally written in names and titles (Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew usually has lowercase of and the as well, for example).
Nov 14, 2014 at 21:43 comment added fedorqui This ended up being a beautiful answer! Thanks a lot for the effort and the capacity to write such a comprehensive text.
Nov 14, 2014 at 18:26 comment added R Mac I also edited my response to elaborate on the use of dashes in town names. My original response stands: always check, as neither practice is used consistently. However, when it comes to smaller towns, the dash is used much more commonly than it is omitted.
Nov 14, 2014 at 18:25 history edited R Mac CC BY-SA 3.0
Elaboration
Nov 14, 2014 at 18:06 comment added R Mac I removed it. I made that statement under the impression we are talking about cities. If we're talking about any towns of any kind (including fictional ones), it is indeed quite wrong.
Nov 14, 2014 at 18:04 history edited R Mac CC BY-SA 3.0
deleted 63 characters in body
Nov 14, 2014 at 8:46 vote accept fedorqui
Nov 13, 2014 at 10:34 comment added fedorqui @Hugo thanks, it makes sense. Then, the answer to my question is just "no, there is no standard", which is what R Mac wrote. I will accept it in a while, although I think the sentence "Fortunately, there are only four such cities..." would be better removed, because unfortunately is not true :(
Nov 13, 2014 at 10:14 comment added Hugo @fedorqui The answer is: "There is no general rule, refer to an authority on a case-by-case basis." Stack Exchange doesn't allow answers that list every possible known variant. Such a question would be off topic and closed.
Nov 13, 2014 at 9:22 comment added fedorqui Thanks for your answer. However, note there are more than a hundred. Just updated my question with some more.
Nov 12, 2014 at 21:37 comment added Peter Shor There are also a few of these in the U.S., like Croton-on-Hudson
Nov 12, 2014 at 21:27 comment added tunny Don't forget Ashton-under-Lyne and Lee-on-the-Solent, often called Lee-on-Solent. If you don't insist on prepositions, there's also Chester-le-Street.
Nov 12, 2014 at 18:48 comment added R Mac @TimLymington Hence the "as far as I know". I don't doubt that there are more, but my answer was meant more to illustrate that there is no standard rule. The Britons are a race shy to standards, you see. :)
Nov 12, 2014 at 18:46 comment added R Mac @Barmar Of course I'm not including fictional towns... :) Generally, the point is that there is no standard, so in the case of fictional towns, one should refer to the work of fiction to which the town belongs.
Nov 12, 2014 at 18:45 comment added Tim Lymington Newcastle-under-Lyme is the reason why the other Newcastle retains its epithet. (Unhelpfully, Newcastle under Lyme College apparently does not have hyphens). And there are many other multiword towns.
Nov 12, 2014 at 18:37 comment added Barmar This list doesn't include fictional towns. E.g., Doctor Dolittle came from Puddleby-on-the-Marsh. I'll bet there are many more such towns in literature. Does this not count because it's 4 words?
Nov 12, 2014 at 17:09 history answered R Mac CC BY-SA 3.0