What is the difference between `-` and `--` [duplicate]

Question

Possible Duplicate:
When should I use an em-dash, an en-dash, and a hyphen?

Is there any difference between:

-

and

-- or in some cases, a long dash

I have seen these two used lots of places but I really don't know the difference.

Answer 1

There are three types of "dashes" in English: a hyphen ("-"), an en-dash ("–"), and an em-dash ("—"); to that you could also add a negative-sign or minus-sign from math.

The problem and confusion comes from not only knowing the difference, but trying to use them on a normal keyboard (assuming the font in use has the desired glyphs).

In typing class you may have learned to type -- for a dash, this would be an em-dash which is similar in usage to a comma. TeX users know to type --- to get an em-dash.

The en-dash is used between ranges, often numbers "February 2–6", but can also be "Monday–Friday". In TeX, you type -- to get an en-dash.

As Tom said, Microsoft Word has made a mess of this with its auto-correct settings.

Answer 2

The good people at Microsoft Word may have confused authors by setting up auto-correct to replace two sequential dashes with a single em (longer) dash. The intent is to be helpful because the em dash can be quite useful, but does not appear on standard keyboards; but the effect is to confuse many people who fail to spot the non-obvious difference between the short and long dashes.

Stylistically, I believe the convention for using an em dash is to let the writer signal that the thought after the dash is a kind of temporary interruption to the flow of the sentence and its paragraph.