How to distinguish between positions of prepositional phrases?

Question

Is there a name for where prepositional phrases are in a sentence? For example, is there a name to distinguish between the following sentences?

There has not been a queen on the island.
On the island, there has not been a queen.

Answer 1

One difference between your sentences is that one has an introductory modifier (where the prepositional phrase is in the beginning), and the other does not. This site writes:

A prepositional phrase at the beginning of a sentence constitutes an introductory modifier, which is usually a signal for a comma. However, unless an introductory prepositional phrase is unusually long, we seldom need to follow it with a comma.

Answer 2

The term you may be looking for could be Adpositional Phrase.

An adpositional phrase is a linguistics term defining a syntactic category that includes prepositional phrases and postpositional phrases. Adpositional phrases contain an adposition in the head position and usually a complement such as a noun phrase. Language syntax treats adpositional phrases as units that act as complements or adjuncts. Postpositional and prepositional phrases differ by the order of the words used. Head-first languages such as English normally use prepositional phrases while head-final languages use postpositional.

Consider the second example-sentence you gave us.

On this island, there has not been a queen.

I don't think that this sentence is grammatically wrong, but the modifier/preposition/Object of the sentence is reversed from the first sentence. Thus, the postpositional phrase. Now consider the first example-sentence you gave us.

There has not been a queen on this island.

There now, now it looks like a sentence we use everyday! It's because the sentence changes by how you position the modifier, the adposition and the object of the adposition.

P.S. I changed the word "the" into "this" because I felt that it fit better into the sentence.