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However, we haven't gone through the details of OO language in PHP.

A friend of mine, who is a native English speaker, says that this sentence sounds okay to him - you don't need an article. Nevertheless you do say THE English language or THE Spanish language in English. Why is it not the case here?

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The 'OO' in that context stands for 'object-oriented'.

However, we haven't gone through the details of object-oriented language in PHP.

Object-oriented programming/scripting/coding (be it PHP or any other language) is a particular style of coding, and is not a separate language in itself. 'English' and 'Spanish' obviously are distinct languages. We therefore use the definite article when referring to the language that is English, as we're referring to a discrete entity. So, as per your example:

However, we haven't gone through the details of the English language in business settings.

We would not use a definite article when talking about a particular style or usage of English, and would instead say:

However, we haven't gone through the details of business language in English.

Just like object-oriented PHP, 'business language' in English is nebulous and indefinite — it is not a specific language. Hence, no definite article.

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    Not worth writing my own answer for it, but you could maybe add that with any non-definite adjective in front of language, no definite article is used: we talked about formal language, we talked about sign language. But if the adjective defines one language, the definite article is used: we talked about the Maori language, we talked about the _recently discovered language that the author mentioned in his article.
    – oerkelens
    May 7, 2014 at 12:07

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